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	<title>Eradicación de coca - Historial de revisiones</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-27T22:00:56Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wikicolombia.unocha.org/index.php?title=Eradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&amp;diff=6658&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Villavec: Redirigiendo a Erradicación de coca</title>
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		<updated>2016-03-31T16:32:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Redirigiendo a &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Erradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&quot; title=&quot;Erradicación de coca&quot;&gt;Erradicación de coca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 16:32 31 mar 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La &#039;&#039;&#039;eradicación de coca&#039;&#039;&#039; es una estrategia controversial promocionada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos empezando en 1961 como parte de su &quot;[[guerra contra las drogas]]&quot; para eliminar el cultivo de [[coca]], una planta con hojas utilizadas tanto por pueblos [[indígenas]] pero también en la producción de la [[cocaína]]. La estrategia fue adoptada en lugar de campañas tradicionales contra el uso de la droga.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Gary|year=1999|pp=35|title=[[Dark Alliance]]|publisher=[[Seven Stories Press]]|isbn=978-1-888363-93-7|ref=harv}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Una estrategia [[prohibicionista]] se utiliza en las regiones de producción de coca, particularmente en [[Colombia]], a través del [[Plan Colombia]], Perú, y antiguamente Bolivia, adonde fue muy controversial por la cantidad de uso tradicional de la hoja de coca en ese país. Los cultivadores de coca se conoce como [[cocalero]]s, y estas personas trabajan legalmente en muchas partes para producción con fines de uso tradicional en Perú, Bolivia y Chile.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#redirect &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;erradicación &lt;/ins&gt;de coca]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Impacto medioambiental==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Parcelas de tierra a que han quitado coca por medios mecánicos (quemas o cortes), o medios químicos (herbicidas tales como [[glifosato]]), se abandona y causan problemas por [[erosión]] durante temporadas de lluvia. Por la demanda alta de coca, después de la eradicación de una parcela, los cocaleros típicamente mueven más hacía la selva, abriendo nuevas tierras para la producción de la coca. Este ciclo de eradicación y nuevos cultivos ha tenido un impacto medioambiental en muchas zonas de producción de coca.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Aspersión aerea de glifosato, que es entre los medios más controversiales de eradicación de coca, ha sido utilizado únicamente en Colombia por la voluntad del gobierno de ese país en cooperar con los Estados Unidos en su estrategía de eradicación, particularmente después de la firma de Plan Colombia en el 2000. El uso de este medio de eradicación también fue suspendida en Colombia a partir del 2015 después de estudios avalados por la [[OMS]] que identificó el glifosato como un [[carcígeno]]. La aspersión aerea en Colombia tradicionalmente fue llevado a cabo con contratistas como [[DynCorp]], utilizando aviones y helicopteros. La aspersión aerea ha sido criticado por su falta de precisión y la posibilidad de error humano cuando cae glifosato sobre cultivos lícitos y hogares. Durante las aspersiones, Ecuador exigió que aspersión aerea no sea llevado a cabo entre 10km de su frontera por alegaciones de enfermedades por personas viviendo en su frontera.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Además, los EE.UU. fue involucrado en el desarrollo de un [[hongo]], &#039;&#039;[[Fusarium oxysporum]]&#039;&#039; para eradicar la coca.&amp;lt;ref name=vicious&amp;gt;[http://www.tni.org/archives/jelsma/viciouscircle-e.htm Vicious Circle: The Chemical and Biological &#039;War on Drugs&#039;] report by the Transnational Institute (TNI), March 2001&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=dpb7&amp;gt;[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=policybriefings_brief7 The Re-emergence of the Biological War on Drugs], TNI Drug Policy Briefing 7, May 2004&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; En el 2000, el Congreso Estadounidense aprobó el uso de este hongo como un agente de control biológico contra la coca en Colombia, junto con otro hongo para matar amapola en Afganistán, pero estos planes luego fueron cancelados por el Presidente Clinton, por preocupaciones de la percepción del mundo sobre el uso de estos medios como un tipo de guerra biológica. Los paises andinos tienen prohibido el uso de estos hongos.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Impacto socioeconómico==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;El [[USAID]] además ha promocionado una política de &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sustitución de cultivos]], reemplazando cultivos de coca con café, bananos, piña, y otros cultivos tropicales. Sin embargo, muchas áreas remotas faltan una infraestructura adecuada para enviar productos al mercado a tiempo y con precios alcanzables. El precio &lt;/del&gt;de coca &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ha seguido alto y en muchos casos sigue siendo más atractivo a granjeros. Otros granjeros han transicionado a cultivos alternativos. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Temas geopolíticas==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Muchas críticas de la política de eradicación han declarado que creen que el objetivo real del gobierno estadounidense es restringir el flujo de ingresos a [[guerrilleros]] como las [[FARC]], que se han financiado con este negocio, más que pelear contra la droga misma. La DEA entre otros han estado en conflicto con cocaleros en la región, particularmente en la zona de Chapare de Bolivia.&amp;lt;ref name=hrw&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/summaries/s.bolivia957.html Bolivia: Human Rights Violations and the War on Drugs], Human Rights Watch Vol. 7, No. 8 (B), July 1995]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Referencias==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Enlaces Externas==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.sunshine-project.org/ The Sunshine Project] Anti-biowarfare activists&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.narconews.com Narco News] Drug war reporting&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.tni.org/drugschembio-docs/chembio.htm Chemical and Biological War on Drugs] Transnational Institute (TNI) website&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.tni.org/archives/jelsma/viciouscircle-e.htm Vicious Circle: The Chemical and Biological &#039;War on Drugs&#039;] report by the Transnational Institute (TNI), March 2001&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.tni.org/detail_pub.phtml?know_id=87 Coca or Death? Cocalero Movements in Peru and Bolivia] Transnational Institute (TNI), Drugs &amp;amp; Conflict Debate Papers 10, April 2004&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?&amp;amp;act_id=17020 Colombia coca cultivation survey results: A question of methods], Transnational Institute (TNI), Drug Policy Briefing No 22, June 2007&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?&amp;amp;act_id=17711 Crop spraying: a déjà vu debate: From the Andean strategy to the Afghan strategy], Transnational Institute (TNI), Drug Policy Briefing No 25, December 2007&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.unodc.org/pdf/andean/Andean_report_2007.pdf Coca cultivation in the Andean Region: A survey of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru], United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), June 2007&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.ericjlyman.com/Chronicle_coca.html  U.S. Accused of Creating Coca Blight], from the San Francisco Chronicle, 1999&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.ciadrugs.com/ Fifty Years Of Drug Trafficking by CIA and Other Government People]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.ecolombia.org/parques.htm ecolombia.org: No a la privatización y fumigación de los Parques Nacionales] Online petition against privatisation of Colombias National Parks in an effort to legalise and re-instate large scale fumigation&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://laniel.free.fr/INDEXES/GraphicsIndex/Dessins/Dessins.html Exhibition of Children&#039;s Drawings on Fumigation] DrugSTRAT&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Coca&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Villavec</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikicolombia.unocha.org/index.php?title=Eradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&amp;diff=6656&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Villavec en 23:38 30 mar 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikicolombia.unocha.org/index.php?title=Eradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&amp;diff=6656&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-03-30T23:38:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 23:38 30 mar 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Línea 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Temas geopolíticas==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Temas geopolíticas==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Muchas críticas de la política de eradicación han declarado que creen que el objetivo real del gobierno estadounidense es restringir el flujo de ingresos a [[guerrilleros]] como las [[FARC]], que se han financiado con este negocio, más que pelear contra la droga misma. La DEA entre otros han estado en conflicto con cocaleros en la región, particularmente en la zona de Chapare de Bolivia.&amp;lt;ref name=hrw&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/summaries/s.bolivia957.html Bolivia: Human Rights Violations and the War on Drugs], Human Rights Watch Vol. 7, No. 8 (B), July 1995]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Muchas críticas de la política de eradicación han declarado que creen que el objetivo real del gobierno estadounidense es restringir el flujo de ingresos a [[guerrilleros]] como las [[FARC]], que se han financiado con este negocio, más que pelear contra la droga misma. La DEA entre otros han estado en conflicto con cocaleros en la región, particularmente en la zona de Chapare de Bolivia.&amp;lt;ref name=hrw&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/summaries/s.bolivia957.html Bolivia: Human Rights Violations and the War on Drugs], Human Rights Watch Vol. 7, No. 8 (B), July 1995]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Resultados==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A inicios del 2003, habían 1.740&amp;amp;nbsp;km² de coca en el mundo, más de 60 por ciento en Colombia. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of coca in worldwide cultivation, and Colombia represented more than 60% of that total. Critics of the Colombian eradication program had predicted that it would lead to higher coca production in Peru and Bolivia. However, in November 2003, the US [[Office of National Drug Control Policy]] (ONDCP) claimed the area planted with coca in Peru and Bolivia combined fell by 35&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in the year up to June, which would suggest that the crop eradication program in neighboring Colombia had not driven production over the borders. According to ONDCP estimates, the area cultivated with coca in Bolivia rose from 244&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in 2002 to 284.5&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in June 2003, but this increase was more than offset in Peru, where the area fell from 366&amp;amp;nbsp;km² to 311.5&amp;amp;nbsp;km².&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The U.S. figures were very different from preliminary estimates in September 2003 by the head of the [[UN Office on Drugs and Crime]] in Colombia, which indicated that output in Peru and Bolivia may have risen by as much 21%, or 150&amp;amp;nbsp;km² that year. The White House office said its estimate was based on sampling from high resolution satellite imagery. The United Nations used a different technique and had not yet put out any formal estimate for 2003.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A March 2005 report by the [[ONDCP]] indicated that despite record aerial spraying of over 1,300&amp;amp;nbsp;km² of coca in Colombia in 2004, the total area under coca cultivation remained &quot;statistically unchanged&quot; at 1,140&amp;amp;nbsp;km². In response to the report, the [[Washington Office on Latin America]] (WOLA), an [[non-governmental organization|NGO]] that monitors the impact of US foreign policy in Latin America, observed that the aerial spraying strategy appeared to have hit its limits. According to WOLA, the new ONDCP data suggested a continued &quot;balloon effect&quot; as aggressive spraying in some areas has not deterred new cultivation elsewhere. The WOLA Senior Associate for Drug Policy commented, &quot;The stable cultivation in 2004 throws into doubt US officials’ predictions of a major impact on US drug prices and purity.&quot; Regardless, Colombian President [[Álvaro Uribe]] vowed to press ahead with the U.S.-financed fumigation of coca crops.&amp;lt;ref name=wola310303&amp;gt;[http://www.wola.org/drug_policy/press_release_coca_cultivation_2004.htm Aerial Spraying Fails to Reduce Coca Cultivation in Colombia], WOLA, March 31, 2003&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Official estimates of coca cultivation in Peru for 2005 have yet to be released, but the State Department’s own reporting suggests that cultivation in Peru has increased.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In Bolivia, there has been a decrease in clashes since 2004, when [[Evo Morales]] and former President [[Carlos Mesa]] struck a deal allowing the Chapare region to legally grow a limited amount of coca, in addition to the already legal [[Yungas]] region.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In 2006 the Colombian government destroyed around 730 square kilometres, reaching new records in coca plant destruction. The Colombian government planned to destroy around 500&amp;amp;nbsp;km² of coca plants in 2007, which would leave only around 200&amp;amp;nbsp;km² left. The Colombian government planned to destroy the remaining coca gradually over the following years.&amp;lt;ref name=sne&amp;gt;{{es icon}} [http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/sne/2007/enero/03/17032007.htm Erradicán manualment 50 mil hectáreas de coca en 2007], Presidencia de Colombia press release, January 3, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Quotes==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{quote|The U.S. has supplied tens of thousands of gallons of Roundup to the Colombian government for use in aerial fumigation of coca crops. We have been using a fleet of crop dusters to dump unprecedented amounts of high-potency glyphosate over hundreds of thousands of acres in one of the most delicate and bio-diverse ecosystems in the world. This futile effort has done little to reduce the availability of cocaine on our streets, but now we are learning that a possible side-effect of this campaign could be the unleashing of a &#039;&#039;Fusarium&#039;&#039; epidemic in the Amazon basin. The drug war has tried in vain to keep cocaine out of people&#039;s noses, but could result instead in scorching the lungs of the earth.|[http://www.ips-dc.org/staff/sanho Sanho Tree], the director of the [[Institute for Policy Studies Drug Policy Project]].}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Referencias==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Referencias==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Villavec</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikicolombia.unocha.org/index.php?title=Eradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&amp;diff=6655&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Villavec: Página creada con &#039;La &#039;&#039;&#039;eradicación de coca&#039;&#039;&#039; es una estrategia controversial promocionada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos empezando en 1961 como parte de su &quot;guerra contra las drogas…&#039;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikicolombia.unocha.org/index.php?title=Eradicaci%C3%B3n_de_coca&amp;diff=6655&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-03-30T22:53:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Página creada con &amp;#039;La &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;eradicación de coca&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; es una estrategia controversial promocionada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos empezando en 1961 como parte de su &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Guerra_contra_las_drogas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Guerra contra las drogas (la página no existe)&quot;&gt;guerra contra las drogas&lt;/a&gt;…&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Página nueva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;eradicación de coca&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; es una estrategia controversial promocionada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos empezando en 1961 como parte de su &amp;quot;[[guerra contra las drogas]]&amp;quot; para eliminar el cultivo de [[coca]], una planta con hojas utilizadas tanto por pueblos [[indígenas]] pero también en la producción de la [[cocaína]]. La estrategia fue adoptada en lugar de campañas tradicionales contra el uso de la droga.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Gary|year=1999|pp=35|title=[[Dark Alliance]]|publisher=[[Seven Stories Press]]|isbn=978-1-888363-93-7|ref=harv}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Una estrategia [[prohibicionista]] se utiliza en las regiones de producción de coca, particularmente en [[Colombia]], a través del [[Plan Colombia]], Perú, y antiguamente Bolivia, adonde fue muy controversial por la cantidad de uso tradicional de la hoja de coca en ese país. Los cultivadores de coca se conoce como [[cocalero]]s, y estas personas trabajan legalmente en muchas partes para producción con fines de uso tradicional en Perú, Bolivia y Chile.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Impacto medioambiental==&lt;br /&gt;
Parcelas de tierra a que han quitado coca por medios mecánicos (quemas o cortes), o medios químicos (herbicidas tales como [[glifosato]]), se abandona y causan problemas por [[erosión]] durante temporadas de lluvia. Por la demanda alta de coca, después de la eradicación de una parcela, los cocaleros típicamente mueven más hacía la selva, abriendo nuevas tierras para la producción de la coca. Este ciclo de eradicación y nuevos cultivos ha tenido un impacto medioambiental en muchas zonas de producción de coca.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aspersión aerea de glifosato, que es entre los medios más controversiales de eradicación de coca, ha sido utilizado únicamente en Colombia por la voluntad del gobierno de ese país en cooperar con los Estados Unidos en su estrategía de eradicación, particularmente después de la firma de Plan Colombia en el 2000. El uso de este medio de eradicación también fue suspendida en Colombia a partir del 2015 después de estudios avalados por la [[OMS]] que identificó el glifosato como un [[carcígeno]]. La aspersión aerea en Colombia tradicionalmente fue llevado a cabo con contratistas como [[DynCorp]], utilizando aviones y helicopteros. La aspersión aerea ha sido criticado por su falta de precisión y la posibilidad de error humano cuando cae glifosato sobre cultivos lícitos y hogares. Durante las aspersiones, Ecuador exigió que aspersión aerea no sea llevado a cabo entre 10km de su frontera por alegaciones de enfermedades por personas viviendo en su frontera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Además, los EE.UU. fue involucrado en el desarrollo de un [[hongo]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Fusarium oxysporum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; para eradicar la coca.&amp;lt;ref name=vicious&amp;gt;[http://www.tni.org/archives/jelsma/viciouscircle-e.htm Vicious Circle: The Chemical and Biological &amp;#039;War on Drugs&amp;#039;] report by the Transnational Institute (TNI), March 2001&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=dpb7&amp;gt;[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=policybriefings_brief7 The Re-emergence of the Biological War on Drugs], TNI Drug Policy Briefing 7, May 2004&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; En el 2000, el Congreso Estadounidense aprobó el uso de este hongo como un agente de control biológico contra la coca en Colombia, junto con otro hongo para matar amapola en Afganistán, pero estos planes luego fueron cancelados por el Presidente Clinton, por preocupaciones de la percepción del mundo sobre el uso de estos medios como un tipo de guerra biológica. Los paises andinos tienen prohibido el uso de estos hongos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Impacto socioeconómico==&lt;br /&gt;
El [[USAID]] además ha promocionado una política de [[sustitución de cultivos]], reemplazando cultivos de coca con café, bananos, piña, y otros cultivos tropicales. Sin embargo, muchas áreas remotas faltan una infraestructura adecuada para enviar productos al mercado a tiempo y con precios alcanzables. El precio de coca ha seguido alto y en muchos casos sigue siendo más atractivo a granjeros. Otros granjeros han transicionado a cultivos alternativos. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Temas geopolíticas==&lt;br /&gt;
Muchas críticas de la política de eradicación han declarado que creen que el objetivo real del gobierno estadounidense es restringir el flujo de ingresos a [[guerrilleros]] como las [[FARC]], que se han financiado con este negocio, más que pelear contra la droga misma. La DEA entre otros han estado en conflicto con cocaleros en la región, particularmente en la zona de Chapare de Bolivia.&amp;lt;ref name=hrw&amp;gt;[http://www.hrw.org/summaries/s.bolivia957.html Bolivia: Human Rights Violations and the War on Drugs], Human Rights Watch Vol. 7, No. 8 (B), July 1995]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Resultados==&lt;br /&gt;
A inicios del 2003, habían 1.740&amp;amp;nbsp;km² de coca en el mundo, más de 60 por ciento en Colombia. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
of coca in worldwide cultivation, and Colombia represented more than 60% of that total. Critics of the Colombian eradication program had predicted that it would lead to higher coca production in Peru and Bolivia. However, in November 2003, the US [[Office of National Drug Control Policy]] (ONDCP) claimed the area planted with coca in Peru and Bolivia combined fell by 35&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in the year up to June, which would suggest that the crop eradication program in neighboring Colombia had not driven production over the borders. According to ONDCP estimates, the area cultivated with coca in Bolivia rose from 244&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in 2002 to 284.5&amp;amp;nbsp;km² in June 2003, but this increase was more than offset in Peru, where the area fell from 366&amp;amp;nbsp;km² to 311.5&amp;amp;nbsp;km².&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. figures were very different from preliminary estimates in September 2003 by the head of the [[UN Office on Drugs and Crime]] in Colombia, which indicated that output in Peru and Bolivia may have risen by as much 21%, or 150&amp;amp;nbsp;km² that year. The White House office said its estimate was based on sampling from high resolution satellite imagery. The United Nations used a different technique and had not yet put out any formal estimate for 2003.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A March 2005 report by the [[ONDCP]] indicated that despite record aerial spraying of over 1,300&amp;amp;nbsp;km² of coca in Colombia in 2004, the total area under coca cultivation remained &amp;quot;statistically unchanged&amp;quot; at 1,140&amp;amp;nbsp;km². In response to the report, the [[Washington Office on Latin America]] (WOLA), an [[non-governmental organization|NGO]] that monitors the impact of US foreign policy in Latin America, observed that the aerial spraying strategy appeared to have hit its limits. According to WOLA, the new ONDCP data suggested a continued &amp;quot;balloon effect&amp;quot; as aggressive spraying in some areas has not deterred new cultivation elsewhere. The WOLA Senior Associate for Drug Policy commented, &amp;quot;The stable cultivation in 2004 throws into doubt US officials’ predictions of a major impact on US drug prices and purity.&amp;quot; Regardless, Colombian President [[Álvaro Uribe]] vowed to press ahead with the U.S.-financed fumigation of coca crops.&amp;lt;ref name=wola310303&amp;gt;[http://www.wola.org/drug_policy/press_release_coca_cultivation_2004.htm Aerial Spraying Fails to Reduce Coca Cultivation in Colombia], WOLA, March 31, 2003&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Official estimates of coca cultivation in Peru for 2005 have yet to be released, but the State Department’s own reporting suggests that cultivation in Peru has increased.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bolivia, there has been a decrease in clashes since 2004, when [[Evo Morales]] and former President [[Carlos Mesa]] struck a deal allowing the Chapare region to legally grow a limited amount of coca, in addition to the already legal [[Yungas]] region.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2006 the Colombian government destroyed around 730 square kilometres, reaching new records in coca plant destruction. The Colombian government planned to destroy around 500&amp;amp;nbsp;km² of coca plants in 2007, which would leave only around 200&amp;amp;nbsp;km² left. The Colombian government planned to destroy the remaining coca gradually over the following years.&amp;lt;ref name=sne&amp;gt;{{es icon}} [http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/sne/2007/enero/03/17032007.htm Erradicán manualment 50 mil hectáreas de coca en 2007], Presidencia de Colombia press release, January 3, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|The U.S. has supplied tens of thousands of gallons of Roundup to the Colombian government for use in aerial fumigation of coca crops. We have been using a fleet of crop dusters to dump unprecedented amounts of high-potency glyphosate over hundreds of thousands of acres in one of the most delicate and bio-diverse ecosystems in the world. This futile effort has done little to reduce the availability of cocaine on our streets, but now we are learning that a possible side-effect of this campaign could be the unleashing of a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fusarium&amp;#039;&amp;#039; epidemic in the Amazon basin. The drug war has tried in vain to keep cocaine out of people&amp;#039;s noses, but could result instead in scorching the lungs of the earth.|[http://www.ips-dc.org/staff/sanho Sanho Tree], the director of the [[Institute for Policy Studies Drug Policy Project]].}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Referencias==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Enlaces Externas==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.sunshine-project.org/ The Sunshine Project] Anti-biowarfare activists&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.narconews.com Narco News] Drug war reporting&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.tni.org/drugschembio-docs/chembio.htm Chemical and Biological War on Drugs] Transnational Institute (TNI) website&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.tni.org/archives/jelsma/viciouscircle-e.htm Vicious Circle: The Chemical and Biological &amp;#039;War on Drugs&amp;#039;] report by the Transnational Institute (TNI), March 2001&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.tni.org/detail_pub.phtml?know_id=87 Coca or Death? Cocalero Movements in Peru and Bolivia] Transnational Institute (TNI), Drugs &amp;amp; Conflict Debate Papers 10, April 2004&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?&amp;amp;act_id=17020 Colombia coca cultivation survey results: A question of methods], Transnational Institute (TNI), Drug Policy Briefing No 22, June 2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?&amp;amp;act_id=17711 Crop spraying: a déjà vu debate: From the Andean strategy to the Afghan strategy], Transnational Institute (TNI), Drug Policy Briefing No 25, December 2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.unodc.org/pdf/andean/Andean_report_2007.pdf Coca cultivation in the Andean Region: A survey of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru], United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), June 2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ericjlyman.com/Chronicle_coca.html  U.S. Accused of Creating Coca Blight], from the San Francisco Chronicle, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ciadrugs.com/ Fifty Years Of Drug Trafficking by CIA and Other Government People]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecolombia.org/parques.htm ecolombia.org: No a la privatización y fumigación de los Parques Nacionales] Online petition against privatisation of Colombias National Parks in an effort to legalise and re-instate large scale fumigation&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://laniel.free.fr/INDEXES/GraphicsIndex/Dessins/Dessins.html Exhibition of Children&amp;#039;s Drawings on Fumigation] DrugSTRAT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Coca]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Villavec</name></author>
	</entry>
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